Search Tips

Search Methods

Description and Usage

 

 Subject Headings

Use Subject Headings Search when you have a specific research topic in mind and you want to use a subject index to quickly locate articles related to that topic.

 

Keyword

Use Keyword Search to locate articles based upon your own combination of key words and phrases using Boolean operators or Natural Language. (i.e. Is there life on other planets?)

Advanced
Keyword

Use Advanced Keyword Search to search multiple fields, including full text, title and author. In addition, the almanac and encyclopedia can be searched with the main article database.

 

Subject Tree

Use Subject Tree Browse to browse a category for a possible research topic or to narrow down a general topic. Locate articles by exploring categories, topics and subtopics in a multi-level subject tree.

 

Search
Syntax

Meaning

Examples

AND

The AND operator locates articles that contain all of the key words or phrases.

children AND computers

OR

The OR operator locates articles that contain at least one of the key words or phrases.

tornado OR cyclone

NOT

The NOT operator eliminates articles that contain certain key words or phrases.

basketball NOT college

*

Truncation includes alternate word endings such as plurals and tense variations in your query.

farm*
for: farmer, farming, farmland etc.

" "

Enclose a phrase in quotation marks to find multiple words appearing next to one another in a specified order.

"affirmative action"

(  )

Boolean searches are conducted in the following order of precedence (NOT, AND, OR) unless parentheses are used. Use NOT and OR together to limit your search .
Use AND and OR together to expand your search.

(dolphin NOT fish) OR porpoise

health AND (kids OR children)

Putting it all Together

This is an example of how to locate references to the various earthquake(s) in California or Washington, excluding those in San Francisco.

(California OR Washington) AND earthquake* NOT "San Francisco"

 

Sorting

Description and Usage

Relevance

Articles containing the highest number of key words or phrases are returned first.

Date

Articles dated most recently are returned first.